Gas retoet bench



2 Sheets-Sheet i.

(No Model.)

A. GOZE.

GAS RETORT BBNGH.

Patented Sept. 4, 1888.

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A TTRNEYJ (im Model.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

A. GOZE.

ees eeToRT BENCH.

No. 388,953. Patented Sept. 4, 1888.

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UNTTED STATES PATnNT @tric o ANDR COZE, OF REIMS, FRANCE.

GAS-RETORT BENCH.

SPBCPICATIN forming part of Letters Patent No. 388,953, dated September4, 1888.

.Application filed Juno 25, 1887. Serial No. S11-M54.

(No model.) Germany March 27, 1885, No. 33,950; in Belgium June 17,1885, No. 69,316; in England Juno 2U, i`

Patented in France February 14, i885, No. M1044; in No. 7,563; in ItalyJune S20, 1385, XXXVI, 43B; in Anstriadlungary October 30, 18 5, No.12286 and No. 57,022, and in Spain llrcember' 22, l8r-5,

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- Beit known that I, ANDR COZE, of the city of Reims, France, actuallyin Paris, have invented new and useful Improvements in Retorts for theDistillation 0f. Coal and other Solid Matters, (for which I- haveobtained Letters Patent in France, No. 167,044, dated February 14, 1885;in Germany, No. 33,959, dated March 27, 1885; in Austria-Hungary, No.23,286 and No. 57,022, dated October 30, 1885, in Spain, No. 7,837,folio 190, dated December 22, 1885; in Italy, No. 488, folio 36, datedJune 30, 1885; in Belgium, No. 69,316, dated June 17, 1885, and inEngland, No. 7,563, dated June 20, 1885,) ot which the following is afull, clear, and exact description.

rlhis invention relates to improved retorts used for distilling coal andother solid matters. f

The object ofthe present invention is to effect the charging anddischarging of retorts by utilizing for the purpose the phenomenon knownas the angle of repose.77 To this end the retort, having a movableretainingplate near its discharge end, is placed at such an inclinationthat the natural vfall ofthe coal supplied at its highest end shall besufiicient to cause its distribution in a uniform layer througllont theWhole length of therctort and parallel with the bottom thereof. Theretort is in this manner automatically charged, and owing to itsinclination the coke, ifslightly loosened from its sides and theretainingplate moved, willslidedownward Withoutdiiiicnlty, and thus alsoeffect the automatic discharge of said retort.

The invention further consists in the details ot' improvement that aremore fully hereinafter set forth.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part ofthis specification, it being understood that the invention is notlimited to the exact arrangements shown, as they may be varied to suitdifferent kinds of furnaces, the number of retorts, 8vo.

Figure 1 :is a vertical section of a bench ot' seven retorts, and Fig. 2a sectional plan of the same. Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical sectiontaken through the charging-chutes.

The same letters ol' reference represent the same parts in the threefigures.

a are the retorts, which are placed at an inclination approximating tothat of the angle of repose of the matters with which they are to becharged, or, in other words, an inclination almost verging on thelimitat which the matters to be distilled would commence to slide. Thisinclination is represented in the example shown as twenlynine degrees;but it is evident that this angle may he varied to suitthc nature andsmoothness o't'theinteriorot the retort,the sizeoi'thclumps cieca-hdm.One end of each retort is provided with a charging-mouth, l), which iscarried up vertically outside the furnace and closed by a cover, c. Eachchute is connected to its retort by a bend, so as to form aprolcugationthereotand the impact produced by the fall of the material around thebend, aided by the inclination given to the retort, produces a suitabledistribution of the matters in a layer ot' uniform thickness, withoutentirely filling the retortthat is to say, thc plane of its surface isabout parallel with the door of' the retort, which is the most favorablecondition for distillation, as it leaves suiiicient space in the retortto allow of the gases freely disengaging, and enables the distillationto be carried on under the ordinary conditions, as when the retorts arecharged horizontally. The charging of each retortis in this mannerinstantly cl'- ected.

d is a sight-hole or prolongation of the retort, closed by a doublecover to enable the bend of the retort to be cleared in the event ofobstruction. The charging chutes are inclosed in a sand hath in order tomaintain them at a suitable temperature and prevent any condensationtherein. The arrest of the coal at the lower end of the retort may beeffected either by means of a removable stopplate, e', 'fitting ingrooves @and supported by a leg, c", or as hereinafter described .inconnection with Fig. 15. By utilizing the angle of repose, which permitsbut a slow passage of material, each particle ot' coal as it is arrestedacts to hold the others in check, thereby preventing the retort becomingfilled and permitting the distribution of the coal in a uniform layer,as stated.

The ascension-pipesfand hydraulic main g are, in this example, of theordinary kind; but they may he otherwise arranged, as hereinafterdescribed. As shown, the retainingplate e does not extend entirelyacross the retort, thereby leaving a passage for gases to the main g.

A single line of rails laid above the level of the retort-setting, asshown in the drawings, suftices for the supply of twooppositely-arranged benches of retorts, the contents of the truck hbeing discharged into each chute by tilting it. The abovearrangementsmay, however, be varied-as, for example, thecharging-orifices may be all in the same horizontal plane, and the bendsin the retorts be dispensed with by simply prolonging the retorts untilthey reach the charginglevehwhich may be either inside or outside thefurnace-setting, the retorts being either of the same or differentlengths. As the degree of inclination given to the rctorts is nearlyequal to that which would cause the material it contains to slide, itwill be understood that it is simply necessary to impart the slightestpossible movement to the lumps at the front end of the lretort in orderto insure the automatic discharge of the coke into a wheelbarrow, z'.

The invention, being entirely independent of the oven, may be applied toall kinds of cokeovens and forms of retorts by merely modifying thedetails to suit each particular case.

The following relates to arrangements which may be employed according tocircumstances for charging the retort parallel with its door. Thesearrangements show various forms ot' retort-charging mouths and variousforms of lids for thecharging-mouths as well as for the discharging endsofthe retorts, which lids, however, form no part of the invention.

Fig. 4 shows the charging-mouths arranged to permit of the escape ot'thefgas produced into a hydraulic main, g, common to both benches ofretorts. In this case the gas enters the hydraulic main through the-ehargingspouts b instead of through the roof of the retort, asordinarily. In this manner a more rational action is obtai ned, and thespace which is usually occupied by the ascensionpipes in front of theretort is economized, while the same hydraulic main serves for bothbenches. Fig. 5 shows a hopper fixed above the charging-mouth,a spacebeing left between them to allow ot a lid being applied. Fig. 6 showsthe charging-,mouth carried up to a level with a truck, h, said mouthbeing provided with a hinged cover, c,which is clamped by ascrew-and-lever catch and suitably lnted. Fig. 7 shows a cover iittingin a groove lled with sand. Fig. 8 shows a cover clamped by means of ascrew stirrup-piece hinged to the mouth of the retort. Fig. 9 shows theretortmouths arranged in rows one above the other. Fig. l0 shows afunnel-shaped mouth inclined at an angle to meet a truck when tilted.Fig. 11 shows other forms of chargingmouths brought to a uniform level.Fig. l2 shows a hopper movable in front of the chargingmouths of theretorts. Fig. 13 shows a charging-mouth fixed upon a curve-ended retort,the retorts varying in length according to their position. Fig. 14 showsaseries of xed hoppers for enabling one or more retorts to be charged atone time. The hoppers are each closed at bottom by a slide, a, byopening which the coal is allowed to fall into the charging-mouths I). Aspace is left between the hoppers and the charging-mouths. The retortsmay be charged by trucks that run upon `rails above the rails, as shownin Fig. l, or by other suitable means. Said retorts may also bedischarged in any suitable manner. Fig. 15 represents a section of thefront or lower end of a retort-bench in which the hydraulic main is setback beyond the front line of the retort-setting for the purpose ofeconomizing space.

The upper retort is provided with lid c, to which is att-ached the stopor retainingplate e. The middle retort is shown as provided with aeast-iron retaining-plate, e, hooked to lugs cast on the head oftheretort. The mid-rib is provided with an opening to admit of its removal.The lower retort is provided with a retaining-plate, e, of sheet-iron ofU form, with handles at either side,`which is txed in position byjamming against the sides of the retort-mouth.

I claim- The inclined retorts a, placed one above the other, eoinbinedwith the charging-mouths b, whose open ends are all on the same level,whereby the retorts may be charged from trucks on the same level,substantially as set forth.

The foregoing specification of my improvements in retorts for thedistillation of coal and other solid matters and in apparatus connectedtherewith signed by me this 14th day of May, 1887.

ANDRE oozn. 'itnesses:

G. HENRY, E. JAUNET.

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